python之如何使用 Python 向 Viber 机器人发送消息

我有以下 HTTPS 服务器:

from flask import Flask, request, Response 
from viberbot import Api 
from viberbot.api.bot_configuration import BotConfiguration 
from viberbot.api.messages import VideoMessage 
from viberbot.api.messages.text_message import TextMessage 
import logging 
 
from viberbot.api.viber_requests import ViberConversationStartedRequest 
from viberbot.api.viber_requests import ViberFailedRequest 
from viberbot.api.viber_requests import ViberMessageRequest 
from viberbot.api.viber_requests import ViberSubscribedRequest 
from viberbot.api.viber_requests import ViberUnsubscribedRequest 
 
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) 
app = Flask(__name__) 
viber = Api(BotConfiguration( 
    name='PythonSampleBot', 
    avatar='http://www.clker.com/cliparts/3/m/v/Y/E/V/small-red-apple-hi.png', 
    auth_token='xxx-xxx-xxx' 
)) 
 
 
@app.route('/', methods=['POST']) 
def incoming(): 
    logger.debug("received request. post data: {0}".format(request.get_data())) 
    # every viber message is signed, you can verify the signature using this method 
    if not viber.verify_signature(request.get_data(), request.headers.get('X-Viber-Content-Signature')): 
        return Response(status=403) 
 
    # this library supplies a simple way to receive a request object 
    viber_request = viber.parse_request(request.get_data()) 
 
    if isinstance(viber_request, ViberMessageRequest): 
        message = viber_request.message 
        # lets echo back 
        viber.send_messages(viber_request.sender.id, [ 
            message 
        ]) 
    elif isinstance(viber_request, ViberSubscribedRequest): 
        viber.send_messages(viber_request.get_user.id, [ 
            TextMessage(text="thanks for subscribing!") 
        ]) 
    elif isinstance(viber_request, ViberFailedRequest): 
        logger.warn( 
            "client failed receiving message. failure: {0}".format(viber_request)) 
 
    return Response(status=200) 
 
 
def set_webhook(viber_bot): 
    viber_bot.set_webhook('https://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:4443') 
    logging.info("Web hook has been set") 
 
 
if __name__ == "__main__": 
    context = ('certificate.pem', 'key.pem') 
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=4443, debug=True, ssl_context=context) 

并尝试发送消息:

import json 
import requests 
 
webhook_url = 'https://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:4443' 
 
data = { 
    "receiver": "xxx-xxx-xxx", 
    "type": "text", 
    "text": "Hello world!" 
} 
 
response = requests.post( 
    webhook_url, data=json.dumps(data), 
    headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json'}, 
    verify='E:\\Docs\\learn_py\\viberbot\\certificate.pem' 
) 
if response.status_code != 200: 
    raise ValueError( 
        'Request returned an error %s, the response is:\n%s' 
        % (response.status_code, response.text) 
    ) 

我收到 403 错误

ValueError: Request returned an error 403, the response is:

更新:

403 来自:

if not viber.verify_signature(request.get_data(), request.headers.get('X-Viber-Content-Signature')): 
        return Response(status=403) 

请您参考如下方法:

您收到 403 错误有两个原因。要模拟来自 Viber 的 Webhook 请求，您必须发送 X-Viber-Content-Signature header 。此外，此值必须是使用身份验证 token 和 Webhook 负载计算的 SHA256 哈希值，如其 API 文档中 Callbacks 下所述。 .

我相信你有两个选择。如果您只想验证您的代码是否正确接收 Webhook，您可以暂时注释掉 verify_signature() 行。 Viber(或任何 Webhook 源)不需要验证 Webhook 请求。通常，开发人员会假设 Viber 提供的库可以正确测试其代码，因此通常无需再次测试其功能。您还可以考虑模拟该函数，因为在本例中这非常简单。

如果您确实想测试 Viber 的签名验证，那么您需要实现我首先提到的两个原因。这基本上是您在测试 Webhook 发送代码中需要执行的操作。请注意，我只在下面包含了您需要的新代码，请合并到您的其他测试代码中。

import json 
import hmac 
import hashlib 
 
# Compute SHA256 hex digest signature using auth token and payload. 
auth_token = 'xxx-xxx-xxx' 
signature = hmac.new( 
    key=auth_token.encode('ascii'), 
    msg=data.encode('ascii'), 
    digestmod=hashlib.sha256 
).hexdigest() 
 
# Send test webhook request with computed signature in header. 
response = requests.post( 
    webhook_url, 
    data=json.dumps(data), 
    headers={ 
        'X-Viber-Content-Signature': signature, 
        'Content-Type': 'application/json' 
    }, 
    verify='E:\\Docs\\learn_py\\viberbot\\certificate.pem' 
) 

请注意，@tukan 指出了 viber-bot-python 中的 _calculate_message_signature() 函数。 repo，它显示了如何计算签名。