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spring之找不到元素 'jpa:repositories' 的声明

2025年02月15日19lhb25

我已经构建了一个简单的 spring 项目，并想在其中配置 JPA。我跟着这个教程:http://duckranger.com/2012/04/spring-mvc-3-x-with-sts-tutorial-part-iii-add-some-jpa/comment-page-1/#comment-3085

现在我已经结束了，但是当我尝试根据教程运行测试时，出现以下错误:

 ERROR: org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager - Caught exception while allowing TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener@11bed71] to prepare test instance [com.tok.hello.domain.TrampTest@81b1fb] 
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext 
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.getApplicationContext(TestContext.java:157) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:109) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:75) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:321) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:211) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:288) 
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:290) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:231) 
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:50) 
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:193) 
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:52) 
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:191) 
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:42) 
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:184) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:71) 
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:236) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:174) 
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50) 
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38) 
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467) 
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683) 
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390) 
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197) 
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionStoreException: Line 24 in XML document from class path resource [META-INF/spring/applicationContext.xml] is invalid; nested exception is org.xml.sax.SAXParseException: cvc-complex-type.2.4.c: The matching wildcard is strict, but no declaration can be found for element 'jpa:repositories'. 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.doLoadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:396) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:334) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:302) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:174) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:209) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:180) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:243) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:205) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:100) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:1) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DelegatingSmartContextLoader.loadContext(DelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:228) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.loadApplicationContext(TestContext.java:124) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.getApplicationContext(TestContext.java:148) 
    ... 24 more 
Caused by: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException: cvc-complex-type.2.4.c: The matching wildcard is strict, but no declaration can be found for element 'jpa:repositories'. 
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper.createSAXParseException(ErrorHandlerWrapper.java:195) 
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper.error(ErrorHandlerWrapper.java:131) 
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(XMLErrorReporter.java:384) 
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(XMLErrorReporter.java:318) 
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.xs.XMLSchemaValidator$XSIErrorReporter.reportError(XMLSchemaValidator.java:417) 
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.xs.XMLSchemaValidator.reportSchemaError(XMLSchemaValidator.java:3182) 
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.xs.XMLSchemaValidator.handleStartElement(XMLSchemaValidator.java:1927) 
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.xs.XMLSchemaValidator.emptyElement(XMLSchemaValidator.java:725) 
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.scanStartElement(XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.java:377) 
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl$FragmentContentDriver.next(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:2755) 
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl.next(XMLDocumentScannerImpl.java:648) 
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.next(XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.java:140) 
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanDocument(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:511) 
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:808) 
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:737) 
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XMLParser.parse(XMLParser.java:119) 
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.DOMParser.parse(DOMParser.java:235) 
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.jaxp.DocumentBuilderImpl.parse(DocumentBuilderImpl.java:284) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultDocumentLoader.loadDocument(DefaultDocumentLoader.java:75) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.doLoadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:388) 
    ... 36 more

这是提示的确切部分: 
Caused by: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException: cvc-complex-type.2.4.c: The matching wildcard is strict, but no declaration can be found for element 'jpa:repositories'. 
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper.createSAXParseException(ErrorHandlerWrapper.java:195)

这是我的 ApplicationContext.xml 的样子: 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> 
 
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa" 
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" 
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" 
       xsi:schemaLocation=" 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.1.xsd 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.1.xsd 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop  
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.1.xsd"> 
 
 <jpa:repositories base-package="com.tok.hello.repository" />  
 
 
   <context:property-placeholder location="classpath*:META-INF/spring/*.properties"/> 
   <context:spring-configured/> 
 
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.tok.hello"> 
        <context:exclude-filter expression=".*_Roo_.*" type="regex"/> 
        <context:exclude-filter expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" type="annotation"/> 
    </context:component-scan> 
    <bean class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close" id="dataSource"> 
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${database.driverClassName}"/> 
        <property name="url" value="${database.url}"/> 
        <property name="username" value="${database.username}"/> 
        <property name="password" value="${database.password}"/> 
        <property name="testOnBorrow" value="true"/> 
        <property name="testOnReturn" value="true"/> 
        <property name="testWhileIdle" value="true"/> 
        <property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis" value="1800000"/> 
        <property name="numTestsPerEvictionRun" value="3"/> 
        <property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis" value="1800000"/> 
        <property name="validationQuery" value="SELECT 1"/> 
    </bean> 
    <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager" id="transactionManager"> 
        <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory"/> 
    </bean> 
    <tx:annotation-driven mode="aspectj" transaction-manager="transactionManager"/> 
    <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean" id="entityManagerFactory"> 
        <property name="persistenceUnitName" value="persistenceUnit"/> 
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/> 
    </bean> 
</beans>

有人可以帮忙吗？
非常感谢。

请您参考如下方法:

要解决这个问题，applicationContext.xml 中的定义必须正确排序，将“tx”和“tx-spring”放在“spring-context”之后，这样错误就会得到解决。


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